The tensile strength of the coated paper was found to be in the same range as that of a common packaging paper. Water resistance and tensile strength of paper improved when being coated with AgNPs-150. The paper coated with AgNPs-150 showed complete inactivation of virus within 1 min. The presence of AgNPs, ex-GM, and citric acid indicated the required synergistic antibacterial activities for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. A bio-reducing agent from mangosteen peel extract (ex-Garcinia mangostana (GM)) and citric acid as a crosslinking agent for a starch/polyvinyl alcohol matrix were also used in the synthetic process. AgNPs-200, respectively), on green synthesis of AgNPs and coated paper properties were investigated. Effects of different silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentrations, viz. Thus, this work aims to develop active packaging using a paper coated with green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The use of active packaging has attracted considerable attention over recent years to prevent and decrease the risk of bacterial and viral infection. The results revealed that the PLGA nanoparticles could be a suitable nanocarrier to encapsulate AM for its delivery to the CCA cells. AM-PLGA-NPs showed relatively potent and selective antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities in both CCA cell lines in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The optimized AM-PLGA-NPs were characterized for physical (particle size and morphology, polydispersity index, and zeta potential) and pharmaceutical (encapsulation efficiency, loading efficiency, and drug release profile) parameters. The methods used to evaluate these activities included a MTT assay, flow-cytometry, QCM ECMatrix cell migration, and cell invasion assays, respectively. The AM-PLGA-NPs were prepared using PLGA MW 7000–17,000 and 38,000–54,000 by the solvent displacement method. characterize the AM-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (AM-PLGA-NPs) and further evaluate the antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities, including the inhibitory activities on CCA cell (CL-6 and HuCCT-1) invasion and migration. The present study aimed to formulate and. Due to its hydrophobic nature, however, its clinical uses may be limited by its low aqueous solubility, poor stability, and low bioavailability. Alpha-mangostin (AM), a significant component isolated from the pericarp of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.), has been demonstrated as a potential compound for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).

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